AMEs should ask their pilot or controller applicant if a SODA has ever been issued. If the answer is "yes", the applicant must show the AME the document.
SODA's are valid for an indefinite period or until an adverse change occurs that results in a level of defect worse than that stated on the face of the document.
The FAA issues SODA's for certain static defects, but not for disqualifying condition or conditions that may be progressive. The extent of the functional loss that has been cleared by the FAA is stated on the face of the SODA. If the AME finds the condition has become worse, a medical certificate should not be issued even if the applicant is otherwise qualified. The AME should also defer issuance if it is unclear whether the applicant's present status represents an adverse change.
The AME must take special care not to issue a medical certificate of a higher class than that specified on the face of the SODA even if the applicant appears to be otherwise medically qualified. The AME may note the applicant's desire for a higher class. Find an AME.